Mouse treatment

The effects of experimental treatments and genetic interventions (gene knockout) on the course of infection and pathology in murine malaria models are listed in this part of the database. For each molecule, data about the genetic background of the mouse strain (and number of backcrosses), parasite species, inoculum size (pRBC), details of the treatment/knockout, effect on parasitemia, pathology and survival, additional data of the effects of the treatments (e.g. on expression of other factors), references (Refs), and a hyperlink to the original paper in the PubMed database (U.S. National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health) is included.

Dynamic fields: these are the columns that you can select to show in the output table. See also "How to use MalarImDB?" for more information.

Abbreviations: ALI, acute lung injury; anti-…; treatment with depleting antibodies; CM, experimental cerebral malaria (when indicated the incidence is included between brackets, e.g. CM (100%) means that 100% of the mice suffered from cerebral pathology); EG, experimental group; HP&A, hyperparasitemia and anemia; i.p., intraperitoneal administration; MA-ARDS, malaria-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome; N.I., not indicated; p.o., oral administration; r, recombinant; R, receptor; s, soluble; ♂ male mice; ♀ female mice; -/-, gene knockout mice; +, and/positive (example1: rIL-1a + anti-IFN-g: mice were treated with recombinant IL-1a and antibodies to deplete IFN-g; example2: CD4+ T cells, CD4 positive T cells); ↑, increased; ↓, decreased; ~, on average

Molecule/Cell

Plasmodium strain

Experimental treatment group (EG)

Dynamic Fields

Molecule/Cell	Plasmodium strain	Mouse genetic background (Con)	Experimental treatment group (EG)	Lethal infection (Con)	Lethal infection (EG)	Pathology (Con)	Pathology (EG)	Parasitemia (EG vs Con)	Additional phenotypes (EG vs Con)	Refs	PubMed
IFN-g	Plasmodium chabaudi adami 556KA	CBA/CaH	rIFN-g	no	no	N.I.	N.I.	Delayed onset and decreased peak	Resistant to secondary infection	Clark et al., 1987, J Immunol	Link
IFN-g	Plasmodium chabaudi adami 556KA	129/Sv x C57BL/6 (WT = 129/Ola)	IFN-g -/-	no	no	N.I.	N.I.	Delayed clearance	N.I.	Van der heyde et al., 1997, Exp Parasitol	Link
IFN-g	Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS	DBA/2	anti-IFN-g	yes	yes	N.I.	N.I.	Increased peak	Similar body weight and body temperature	Cross et al., 1998, Exp Parasitol	Link
IFN-g	Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS	B10.D2	anti-IFN-g	no	no	N.I.	N.I.	Increased peak	↓ body weight and body temperature	Cross et al., 1998, Exp Parasitol	Link
IFN-g	Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS	C57BL/6	anti-IFN-g	no	no	N.I.	N.I.	Similar	Similar iNOS mRNA expression in spleen 7 days p.i.. similar NO3- levels in serum 7 days p.i.; similar spleen weight 7 days p.i.	Jacobs et al. 1996, Infect Immun	Link
IFN-g	Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS	C57BL/6	anti-IFN-g	no	no	N.I.	N.I.	Increased peak	N.I.	Meding et al., 1990, Infect Immun	Link
IFN-g	Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS	C57BL/6	rIFN-g	no	no	N.I.	N.I.	Decreased peak	N.I.	Meding et al., 1990, Infect Immun	Link
IFN-g	Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS	C57BL/6	IFN-g -/-	no	♂ 100 %; ♀ 40 %	N.I.	N.I.	♂: increased peak ♀: increased peak and increased recrudescences	↓serum TNF-a, IL-12p70 and NO; ↓ splenic macrophages, NK cells and T cells (only in ♂); similar splenic B cells and Mac-1+ cells; ↓parasite-specific IgM, IgG2a, IgG3 and ↑IgG1; similar TNF-a, IL-4 and ↑ IL-10 production by spleen cells after in vitro stimulation with pRBC	Su et al., 2000, Infect Immunol	Link
IFN-g	Plasmodium yoelii 17XL	C57BL/6J	anti-IFN-g	yes	yes	N.I.	N.I.	Similar	Earlier death (days)	Kobayashi et al., 2000, J Vet Med Sci	Link
IFN-g	Plasmodium yoelii 17XL	CBA/J	rIFN-g	no	no	N.I.	N.I.	Decreased peak	No effect on the outcome of infection	Shear et al., 1989, J Immunol	Link
IFN-g	Plasmodium yoelii 17XL	SW	rIFN-g	yes	yes	N.I.	N.I.	Delayed onset and decreased peak	Prolonged survival (days, dose-dependent); ↑ phagocytic activity and H2O2 production by peritoneal macrophages that was partially abrogated after pretreatment with anti-IFN-g	Shear et al., 1989, J Immunol	Link
IFN-g	Plasmodium yoelii 17XL	BALB/cByJ	rIFN-g	yes	yes	N.I.	N.I.	Delayed onset and decreased peak	Prolonged survival (days, dose-dependent)	Shear et al., 1989, J Immunol	Link
IFN-g	Plasmodium yoelii 17XNL	SW	rIFN-g	no	no	N.I.	N.I.	Similar	No effect on the outcome of infection	Shear et al., 1989, J Immunol	Link
IFN-g	Plasmodium yoelii 17XNL	BALB/cByJ	rIFN-g	no	no	N.I.	N.I.	Decreased peak	No effect on the outcome of infection	Shear et al., 1989, J Immunol	Link
IFN-g	Plasmodium yoelii 17XNL	CBA/J	rIFN-g	no	no	N.I.	N.I.	Similar	No effect on the outcome of infection	Shear et al., 1989, J Immunol	Link
IFN-g	Plasmodium yoelii 17XNL	129/Ola x C57BL/6 (WT = 129/Ola)	IFN-g -/-	no	no	N.I.	N.I.	No parasite clearance in 30 days	N.I.	Van der heyde et al., 1997, Exp Parasitol	Link
IFN-g/CTLA-4	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	C57BL/6	IFN-g -/- + anti-CTLA-4	yes	yes	No CM	No CM	N.I.	N.I.	Jacobs et al., 2002, J Immunol	Link
IFN-g/CTLA-4	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	C57BL/6	IFN-g -/- + anti-CTLA-4	yes	yes	Moderate liver pathology	Moderate liver pathology	N.I.	↓ serum AST and ALT levels compared to anti-CTLA-4-treated WT (similar compared to untreated WT mice); ↓ CD4+ T cells in liver compared to untreated and anti-CTLA-4-treated WT mice (similar compared to untreated IFN-g -/-)	Jacobs et al., 2004, Eur J Immunol	Link
IFN-gR	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	129/Sv/Ev x C57BL/6 (WT = 129 Sv/Ev)	IFN-gR -/-	yes	yes	CM (60-100% depending on the parasite dose used)	No CM	Similar/higher depending on the parasite dose used	No neurological symptoms; similar anemia; ↑ serum IFN-g, TNF-a; similar IFN-g protein expression in the brain and ↑ IFN-g protein expression in the spleen; ↓ TNF-a mRNA expression in the spleen and brain; ↓ TNF-a protein expression in the brain; ↓ IL-6 and IL-10 mRNA expression in the brain; similar IL-6 mRNA expression in the spleen; similar NO in serum, brain and spleen	Amani et al., 2000, Eur J Immunol	Link
IFN-gR	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	DBA/1	IFN-gR -/-	yes	yes	CM (89%)	No CM	Similar	↓ mRNA expression of chemokines (MCP-1, RANTES, MIP-1b, MIG, IP-10, I-TAC) and adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, LFA-1, P-selectin, VCAM-1), ↑ mRNA expression of P-selectin and abrogated IP-10 protein expression in the brain	Van den Steen et al., 2008, Eur J Immunol	Link
IFN-gR	Plasmodium chabaudi adami 556KA	129/Sv/Ev x C57BL/6	IFN-gR -/-	no	no	N.I.	N.I.	Delayed peak	N.I.	Tsuji et al., 1995, J Immunol	Link
IFN-gR	Plasmodium chabaudi AS	C57BL/6	IFN-gR -/-	No	N.I.	N.I.	N.I.	Increased on day 9	↓ sequestration in livers (day 5 and day 9 p.i.), but not in spleen or lungs; ↓ serum ALT levels; similar numbers of IFN-g+ lymphocytes in the lungs 9 days p.i.; similar IgM and albumin levels in BAL fluid; similar tubular dilatation, plasma creatinine levels and plasma urea levels	Brugat et al., 2013, Cell Microbiol	Link
IFN-gR	Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS	129/Sv/Ev x C57BL/6	IFN-gR -/-	no	77%	N.I.	N.I.	Second peak as high as first peak	First peak:↑ parasite-specific IgM, similar IgG1 and ↓ IgG2a, IgG2b and IgG3; ↓ serum NO3-; ↑ leukocytosis; similar anemia; ↓ splenomegaly; second peak: similar serum NO3-; ↑ leukocytosis and anemia; similar splenomegaly; ↑ parasite-specific IgM and IgG1 after second peak; resistant to secondary infection	Favre et al., 1997, Parasite Immunol	Link
IFN-gR	Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS	129/Sv/Ev x C57BL/6	IFN-gR -/-	no	no	Anemia	Anemia	Prolonged acute parasitemia with second peak	Similar hypoglycaemia and weight loss; more pronounced hypothermia	Li et al., 1999, Infect Immun	Link
IFN-gRa	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	129P2Sv/Ev	IFN-gRa -/-	yes	yes	CM (60-100%)	No CM	Similar	↓ total leukocyte numbers and CD8+ T cells and similar numbers of macrophages, neutrophils and CD4+ T cells in the brain at the time of CM; ↑ numbers of total leukocytes, macrophages, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and ↓ numbers of neutrophils in the lungs at the time of CM; no pulmonary edema; ↓ mRNA expression of MIP-1a/CCL3, RANTES/CCL5, IP-10/CXCL10, CCR2 and CCR1 and similar MCP-1/CCL2, CCR5 and CXCR3 in the brain; ↑ mRNA expression of MCP-1/CCL2 and IP-10/CXCL10, ↓ CCR2 and CXCR3 and similar MIP-1a/CCL3, RANTES/CCL5, CCR5 and CCR1 in the lungs; ↑ mRNA expression of MIP-1a/CCL3, IP-10/CXCL10, CCR5 and CXCR3 and similar MCP-1/CCL2, RANTES/CCL5, CCR2 and CCR1 in the spleen	Belnoue et al., 2008, Parasite Immunol	Link
IFNabR	Plasmodium chabaudi AS	129 Sv/Ev	IFNabR -/-	no	no	N.I.	N.I.	Similar	Increased weight loss and hypothermia	Voisine et al., 2010, Int J Parasitol	Link
IFNaR1	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	IFNaR1 -/-	+ adoptive transfer of splenic CD8+ cells from IFNaR1-/- mice that had recieved irradiated pRBCs	yes	yes	No CM	CM (~25%)	Similar	N.I.	Ball et al., 2013, J Immunol	Link
IFNaR1	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	C57BL/6	IFNaR1 -/-	yes	yes	CM (~90%)	CM (~25%)	Increased on day 6-7	Prolonged survival (2-3 weeks); no neurological symptoms; no BBB leakage; less intravascular accumulation of mononuclear cells; no endothelial cell disruption or hemorrhagic lesions; similar parasite accumulation and CD3 expression in the brain; delayed kinetics of TNF and IL-10 mRNA expression in the brain; ↓ numbers of CD8+, CD8+GrB+, and CD8+IFN-g+ cells in the spleen at baseline in uninfected mice, similar numbers in the spleen at day 5 p.i., and ↓ numbers in the brain at day 6 p.i.	Ball et al., 2013, J Immunol	Link
IFNaR1	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	IFNaR1	+ adoptive transfer of total splenocytes from C57BL/6 mice that had recieved irradiated pRBCs	yes	yes	CM (~25%)	CM (~75%)	N.I.	N.I.	Ball et al., 2013, J Immunol	Link
IFNaR1	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	IFNaR1 -/-	+ adoptive transfer of splenic CD8+ cells from C57BL/6 mice that had recieved irradiated pRBCs	yes	yes	No CM	CM (100%)	Similar	BBB leakage (↑ compared to infected IFNaR1-/- that not recieved cells); CD8+, CD8+GrB+, and CD8+IFN-g+ cells were found in the brain	Ball et al., 2013, J Immunol	Link
IFNaR1	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	IFNaR1 -/-	+ adoptive transfer of splenocytes depleted of CD8+ cells from C57BL/6 mice that had recieved irradiated pRBCs	yes	yes	No CM	No CM	Similar	No BBB leakage (similar compared to infected IFNaR1-/- that not recieved cells); CD8+, CD8+GrB+, and CD8+IFN-g+ cells were found in the brain	Ball et al., 2013, J Immunol	Link
IL-10	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	BALB/c	anti-IL-10	yes	yes	HP&A	HP&A	similar	Similar mortality; ↑ TNF-a	Kossodo et al., 1997, Immunology	Link
IL-10	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	CBA/J	rIL-10	yes	yes	CM (100%)	CM (38.6 %)	similar	Prolonged survival (days-weeks); no neurological symptoms; similar TNF-a	Kossodo et al., 1997, Immunology	Link
IL-10	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	129 x C57BL/6	IL-10 -/-	yes	yes	CM (89%)	CM (100%)	N.I.	N.I.	Yañez et al., 1996, J Immunol	Link
IL-10	Plasmodium berghei NK65	C57BL/6	IL-10 -/-	yes	yes	Liver pathology	↑ Liver pathology	Decreased	Similar weight loss (↓ compared to IL-27R -/- mice); ↑ liverpathology (similar compared to IL-27R -/- mice); ↑ numbers of total splenic CD4+ T cells and similar numbers of liver-infiltrating CD4+ T cells 14 days p.i. (↑ numbers of total splenic CD4+ T cells and ↓ numbers of liver-infiltrating CD4+ T cells compared to IL-27R -/- mice)	Findlay et al., 2010; J immunol	Link
IL-10	Plasmodium chabaudi adami 556KA	129/Ola x C57BL/6	IL-10 -/-	no	no	N.I.	N.I.	Similar	Similar number of splenic gd T cells	Van der heyde et al., 1996, J Leukoc Biol	Link
IL-10	Plasmodium chabaudi adami 556KA	129/Ola x C57BL/6 (WT = 129/Ola)	IL-10 -/-	no	no	N.I.	N.I.	Similar	N.I.	Van der heyde et al., 1997, Exp Parasitol	Link
IL-10	Plasmodium chabaudi AS	C57BL/6	IL-10 -/-	No	N.I.	N.I.	N.I.	Similar	↑ sequestration in the spleen (day 9 p.i.) and in the liver (day 5 and day 9 p.i. although not significantly), but not in the lungs; similar serum ALT levels; ↑ numbers of IFN-g+ lymphocytes in the lungs 9 days p.i.; ↑ IgM and albumin levels in BAL fluid; ↑ tubular dilatation, plasma creatinine levels and plasma urea levels	Brugat et al., 2013, Cell Microbiol	Link
IL-10	Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS	129/Sv x C57BL/6	IL-10 -/-	no	♀ 50 %; ♂ no	Anemia	Anemia	Similar	↑ mortality;↑ hypothermia, hypoglycemia and weight loss in ♀	Li et al., 1999, Infect Immun	Link
IL-10	Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS	C57BL/6	IL-10 -/-	no	♀ 30 %; ♂ no	Anemia	Anemia	Similar	↑ mortality;↑ hypothermia, hypoglycemia and weight loss in ♀; ↑ plasma TNF-a and IFN-g; ↑ TNF-a, IFN-g, IL-12p40 and NOS2 mRNA in spleen	Li et al., 1999, Infect Immun	Link
IL-10	Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS	C57BL/6	IL-10 -/-	no	♀ 66 %	Anemia	N.I.	Similar	↑ mortality; surviving mice had ↓ hypothermia and hypoglycaemia, similar anemia and weight loss; ↑ serum TGF-b	Li et al., 2003, Infect Immun	Link
IL-10	Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS	C57BL/6	IL-10 -/-	no	♀ 70 %	Anemia	CM (♀ 70 %)	Similar	↑ parasite sequestration; cerebral edema and hemorrhages (CM?)	Sanni et al., 2004, Infect Immun	Link
IL-10	Plasmodium yoelii 17XL	C57BL/6J	anti-IL-10	yes	40% (at the end of observation day 25)	N.I.	N.I.	Similar	N.I.	Kobayashi et al., 2000, J Vet Med Sci	Link
IL-10	Plasmodium yoelii 17XL	C57BL/6	anti-IL-10R	yes	yes	N.I.	N.I.	Similar	↑ plasma IFN-g	Omer et al., 2003, J Immunol	Link
IL-10	Plasmodium yoelii 17XNL	129/Ola x C57BL/6 (WT = 129/Ola)	IL-10 -/-	no	not in 30 days	N.I.	N.I.	Similar	N.I.	Van der heyde et al., 1997, Exp Parasitol	Link
IL-10/CD25	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	C57BL/6	IL-10 -/- + anti-CD25	yes	yes	CM (100%)	CM (100%)	N.I.	Delayed mortality (1-2 days); similar neurologic symptoms	Amante et al., 2007, Am J Pathol	Link
IL-10/IFN-g	Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS	C57BL/6	IL-10 -/- + anti-IFN-g	no	no	Anemia	Anemia	Increased recrudescences	Similar hypothermia, hypoglycemia and weight loss compared to IL-10-/- mice	Li et al., 1999, Infect Immun	Link
IL-10/IFN-g	Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS	129/Sv x C57BL/6	IL-10-/- x IFN-gR-/-	no	no	Anemia	Anemia	Prolonged acute parasitemia and prominent second peak	Similar hypothermia, hypoglycemia, weight loss and plasma TNF-a compared to IL-10-/- mice	Li et al., 1999, Infect Immun	Link
IL-10/TGF-b	Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS	IL-10 -/-	anti-TGF-b	♀ 66 %	♀ yes (100%)	N.I.	N.I.	Similar	↑ anemia and hypoglycemia, similar hypothermia and weight loss; ↑ plasma IFN-g and TNF-a	Li et al., 2003, Infect Immun	Link
IL-10/TNF-a	Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS	IL-10 -/-	anti-TNF-a	♀ 66 %	♀ no	N.I.	N.I.	Increased recrudescences	↓ hypothermia, anemia, weight loss and similar hypoglycemia; similar plasma IFN-g	Li et al., 2003, Infect Immun	Link
IL-10/TNF-a	Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS	IL-10 -/-	anti-TNF-a	♀ 70 %	no	CM (♀ 70 %)	N.I.	N.I.	↓ cerebral edema and hemorrhages (50 %)	Sanni et al., 2004, Infect Immun	Link
IL-12	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	C57BL/6	IL-12 -/-	N.I.	N.I.	N.I.	N.I.	N.I.	Similar ICAM-1 protein expression in the brain; ↓ ICAM-1 protein expression in the lung	Bauer et al., 2002, Microcirculation	Link
IL-12	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	C57BL/6	rIL-12	yes	20% (at the end of observation day 23)	N.I.	N.I.	Delayed onset and decreased peak	Prolonged survival (1-2 weeks); ↑ NOS2 mRNA expression in brain 11 days p.i., in kidneys 4 days p.i. and in liver and spleen; ↑ NO2- and IFN-g production by ConA stimulated spleen cells and in serum; ↑ IFN-g mRNA expression in liver, spleen and kidney; ↑ liver pathology; ↓ IL-10 and similar TNF-a mRNA in spleen; ↑ NOS2 and similar IFN-g in brain and spleen	Tan et al., 1999, Infect Immun	Link
IL-12	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	C57BL/6	rIL-12	yes	20% (at the end of observation day 23)	N.I.	N.I.	Delayed onset and decreased peak which declined partly with subsequent increase	Prolonged survival (1-2 weeks); IL-10 mRNA was ↓ on day 11 after infection in liver and spleen and ↓ on day 8, 11 in the kidneys; similar TNF-a expression in liver, spleen and kidneys	Tan et al., 2000, Parasite Immunology	Link
IL-12	Plasmodium berghei XAT	CBA/JNCrj	anti-IL-12	no	yes	N.I.	N.I.	Increased and no clearance	↓ IFN-g and NOS2 and similar IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA expression in the spleen; ↓ IFN-g protein production by spleen cells	Yoshimoto et al., 1998, J Infect Dis	Link
IL-12	Plasmodium berghei XAT	CBA/JNCrj	rIL-12	no	no	N.I.	N.I.	Delayed onset and no second peak	↑ IFN-g and IL-10 and ↓ IL-4 mRNA expression in the spleen; ↑ IFN-g production by unstimulated, ConA and anti-CD3 stimulated spleen cells; ↓ IL-4 production by ConA and anti-CD3 stimulated spleen cells	Yoshimoto et al., 1998, J Infect Dis	Link
IL-12	Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS	A/J	rIL-12	yes	no	N.I.	N.I.	Spontaneous decline	↑ NKCC by spleen cells (maximal NKCC activity enhancement after 2 days rIL-12 treatment and ↓ NKCC activity enhancement after longer rIL-12 treatment); ↑ splenic cellularity (similar to infected C57BL/6 mice): ↑ number of CD3+, B220+ and Mac-1+ spleen cells; ↑ IFN-g and similar TNF-a production by splenic NK cells	Mohan et al., 1997, J Immunol	Link
IL-12	Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS	A/J	rIL-12	yes	yes	Severe anemia	Severe anemia	Similar	Similar anemia and reticulocytosis; rIL-12-treated splenocytes produced similar amounts of IFN-g after parasite-antigen stimulation compared to untreated splenocytes	Mohan et al., 1999, Infect Immun	Link
IL-12	Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS	C57BL/6	rIL-12	no	60%	N.I.	N.I.	Decreased peak	N.I.	Stevenson et al., 1995, J Immunol	Link
IL-12	Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS	A/J	rIL-12	yes	25%	N.I.	N.I.	Decreased peak and spontaneous decline	Dose-dependant survival; ↑ production of IFN-g and similar production of IL-4 and IL-5 by spleen cells 7 days p.i.; ↑ serum IFN-g, TNF-a and NO3-	Stevenson et al., 1995, J Immunol	Link
IL-12/CD4	Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS	A/J	rIL-12 + anti-CD4	yes	yes	N.I.	N.I.	Similar	N.I.	Stevenson et al., 1995, J Immunol	Link
IL-12/chloroquine	Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS	A/J	rIL-12 + chloroquine	yes	no	Severe anemia	None	Decreased peak	↓ anemia, ↑ erythropoiesis and reticulocytosis; combined therapy induced ↑ IFN-g production by parasite antigen stimulated splenocytes; resistant to secondary infection due to ↑ parasite-specific IgG levels	Mohan et al., 1999, Infect Immun	Link
IL-12/CTLA-4	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	C57BL/6	IL-12p40 -/- + anti-CTLA-4	yes	yes	No CM	No CM	N.I.	N.I.	Jacobs et al., 2002, J Immunol	Link
IL-12/CTLA-4	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	C57BL/6	IL-12p40 -/- + anti-CTLA-4	yes	yes	Moderate liver pathology	Moderate liver pathology	N.I.	↓ serum AST and ALT levels compared to anti-CTLA-4-treated WT (similar compared to untreated WT mice); ↓ CD4+ T cells in liver compared to anti-CTLA-4-treated WT mice (similar compared to IL-12 -/- and untreated WT mice)	Jacobs et al., 2004, Eur J Immunol	Link
IL-12/IFN-g	Plasmodium berghei XAT	CBA/JNCrj	rIL-12 + anti-IFN-g	no	yes	N.I.	N.I.	Increased and no clearance	N.I.	Yoshimoto et al., 1998, J Infect Dis	Link
IL-12/IFN-g	Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS	A/J	rIL-12 + anti-IFN-g	yes	50%	N.I.	N.I.	Delayed peak (days) and increased recrudescences	N.I.	Stevenson et al., 1995, J Immunol	Link
IL-12/IFN-g/TNF-a	Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS	A/J	rIL-12 + anti-IFN-g + anti-TNF-a	yes	yes	N.I.	N.I.	Delayed peak (days) and increased recrudescences	N.I.	Stevenson et al., 1995, J Immunol	Link
IL-12/NK cells	Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS	A/J	rIL-12 + anti-asialo GM1	yes	yes	N.I.	N.I.	Increased peak	N.I.	Mohan et al., 1997, J Immunol	Link
IL-12/NOS2	Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS	A/J	rIL-12 + NOS2 inhibitor	yes	54-67%	N.I.	N.I.	Similar	N.I.	Stevenson et al., 1995, J Immunol	Link
IL-12/TNF-a	Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS	A/J	rIL-12 + anti-TNF-a	yes	yes	N.I.	N.I.	Similar	N.I.	Stevenson et al., 1995, J Immunol	Link
IL-12p40	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	C57BL/6	IL-12p40 -/-	yes	~85% (at the end of observation day 20)	CM (100%)	CM (~85% at the end of observation day 20)	N.I.	N.I.	Berghout et al., 2013, PLoS Pathog	Link
IL-12p40	Plasmodium berghei NK65	C57BL/6J	IL-12 -/-	yes	N.I.	Liver pathology	No liverpathology	Similar	↓ GPT (ALT) serum levels; no liver injury; similar infiltration of lymphocytes in liver	Adachi et al., 2001, J Immunol	Link
IL-12p40	Plasmodium berghei NK65	C57BL/6	anti-IL-12p40	yes	yes	Liver pathology	Liver pathology	Similar	Prolonged survival (~ 1 week); ↓serum AST and ALT; ↓ liver injury; ↓ in vitro production of IFN-g by spleen and liver cells	Yoshimoto et al., 1998, J Immunol	Link
IL-12p40	Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS	129/Sv x C57BL/6J	IL-12p40 -/-	no	no	N.I.	N.I.	Increased first peak and developed a prominent second peak	Similar protection during second challenge; first peak (day 7): no NO or IFN-g production by spleen cells, no NO secretion after IFN-g stimulation of spleen cells; second peak (day 15): no NO production by spleen cells, similar NO secretion after IFN-g stimulation of spleen cells;↓ NO and ↑ TGF-b1 production by macrophages after stimulation with pRBCs or rIFN-g; ↓ internalization of pRBCs coated with immune serum antibodies by macrophages	Bastos et al., 2002, J Interferon Cytokine Res	Link
IL-12p40	Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS	C57BL/6	anti-IL-12p40	no	no	N.I.	N.I.	Increased peak and increased recrudescences	N.I.	Stevenson et al., 1995, J Immunol	Link
IL-12p40	Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS	129/Sv x C57BL/6J	IL-12p40 -/-	no	♀ no; ♂ 40 %	Anemia	Anemia	Increased peak and increased recrudescences, no parasite clearance 40 days p.i.	↓ hematocrit levels and body weight; similar splenomegaly; ↓ serum IFN-g ; ↓ IFN-g production by splenic NK cells; ↓ NK cell cytotoxicity; ↑ IL-10, similar TNF-a and ↓ IFN-g production by spleen cells 7 days p.i.; similar IL-4 production by spleen cells 21 days p.i.; ↓ serum parasite-specific total Ig, IgM and IgG2a,↑ IgG1 15 and 21 days p.i.; no protection against challenge infection; ↓ IgG2a and IgG3, ↑ IgG1 and similar IgG2b 7 days after challenge infection; KO immune sera or IgG2a depleted WT immune serum did not protect susceptible A/J mice	Su et al., 2002, J Immunol	Link
IL-12p40	Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS	129/Sv x C57BL/6J	IL-12p40 -/- + rIL-12	no	no	Anemia	Anemia	Increased recrudescences, but less than without rIL-12	Similar serum levels of parasite-specific total Ig, IgM and IgG2a, ↓ IgG1; similar protection against challenge infection; similar IgG2a, IgG3, IgG1 and IgG2b 7 days after challenge infection	Su et al., 2002, J Immunol	Link
IL-15	Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS	C57BL/6	IL-15 -/-	no	10%	N.I.	N.I.	Increased and persistent low parasitemia	↓serum IFN-g, TNF-a, IL-12p70 and similar IL-10; ↑ number of apoptotic NK cells 5 days p.i.; ↓ NK cell cytotoxicity and in vitro IFN-g production; ↓ parasite-specific total IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgG3 and IgM	Ing et al., 2005, Infect Immun	Link
IL-17	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	C57BL/6	IL-17-/- (17KO)	yes	yes	CM (80%)	CM (80%)	Similar	Similar neurological symptoms	Ishida et al., 2010, Biochem Biophys Res Commun	Link
IL-18	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	BALB/c	IL-18 -/-	yes	yes	N.I.	N.I.	N.I.	Earlier death (~ 1 week)	Singh et al., 2002, J Immunol	Link
IL-18	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	BALB/c	anti-IL-18	yes	yes	N.I.	N.I.	N.I.	Earlier death (~ 1 week)	Singh et al., 2002, J Immunol	Link
IL-18	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	C57BL/6	rIL-18	yes	yes	N.I.	N.I.	N.I.	Prolonged survival (~ 2 weeks)	Singh et al., 2002, J Immunol	Link
IL-18	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	BALB/c	rIL-18	yes	yes	N.I.	N.I.	Delayed onset	Prolonged survival (days – weeks: dose-dependent) due to ↑ serum IFN-g production; ↓ liver and spleen pathology	Singh et al., 2002, J Immunol	Link
IL-18	Plasmodium berghei NK65	C57BL/6	IL-18 -/-	yes	yes	Liver pathology	Liver pathology	Similar	Similar GPT (ALT) serum levels and liver injury	Adachi et al., 2001, J Immunol	Link
IL-18	Plasmodium yoelii 17XNL	C57BL/6	IL-18 -/-	no	no	N.I.	N.I.	Increased	N.I.	Cramer et al., 2008, Microbes Infect	Link
IL-18	Plasmodium yoelii 265	BALB/c	rIL-18	20%	0-20% (dose-dependent)	N.I.	N.I.	Delayed onset and decreased peak (dose-dependent)	Dose-dependant survival due to ↑ serum IFN-g production; ↓ liver and spleen pathology	Singh et al., 2002, J Immunol	Link
IL-18/CTLA-4	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	C57BL/6	IL-18 -/- + anti-CTLA-4	yes	yes	Moderate liver pathology	Moderate liver pathology	N.I.	↓ serum AST compared to anti-CTLA-4-treated WT and similar to untreated WT; similar serum ALT compared to anti-CTLA-4-treated WT mice and ↑ compared to untreated WT; ↑ CD4+ T cells in liver compared to untreated WT and untreated IL-18 -/- mice (similar compared to anti-CTLA-4-treated WT mice)	Jacobs et al., 2004, Eur J Immunol	Link
IL-1a	Plasmodium berghei K173	C57BL/6J	rIL-1a	yes	N.I.	CM (100%)	CM (22%)	Delayed	↓ CM incidence only when administered for 6 consecutive days and dose-dependent; no cerebral hemorrhages; no decrease in body temperature; no differences in erythropoiesis	Curfs et al., 1990, J Exp Med	Link
IL-1a	Plasmodium berghei K173	C57BL/6J-nu	rIL-1a	yes	N.I.	N.I.	N.I.	Similar	N.I.	Curfs et al., 1990, J Exp Med	Link
IL-1a/IFN-g	Plasmodium berghei K173	C57BL/6J	rIL-1a + anti-IFN-g	yes	N.I.	CM	No CM	Similar	N.I.	Curfs et al., 1990, J Exp Med	Link
IL-1b	Plasmodium berghei K173	C57BL/6J	rIL-1b	yes	N.I.	CM	No CM	Delayed	N.I.	Curfs et al., 1990, J Exp Med	Link
IL-1R	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	N.I.	IL-1R -/-	yes	yes	CM (100%)	CM (100%)	N.I.	N.I.	Reimer et al., 2010, Eur J Immunol	Link
IL-1R	Plasmodium yoelii 17XNL	C57BL/6	IL-1R -/-	no	no	N.I.	N.I.	Increased	N.I.	Cramer et al., 2008, Microbes Infect	Link
IL-2	Plasmodium berghei ANKA	129 x C57BL/6	IL-2 -/-	yes	yes	CM (70%)	No CM	N.I.	N.I.	Yañez et al., 1996, J Immunol	Link
IL-2	Plasmodium chabaudi adami 556KA	129/Ola x C57BL/6 (WT = 129/Ola)	IL-2 -/-	no	no	N.I.	N.I.	Delayed clearance	N.I.	Van der heyde et al., 1997, Exp Parasitol	Link
IL-2	Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS	129 x C57BL/6	IL-2 -/-	no	25%	N.I.	N.I.	Delayed peak and delayed clearance	↑ Mac-1+, ↓ CD3+ (especially CD8+ and gd+) and B cells in the spleen	Seixas et al., 2002, Parasite Immunol	Link
IL-2	Plasmodium yoelii 17XL	DBA/2	rIL-2	no	yes	None	CM (100%)	Similar	Splenocytes 3 days p.i.: ↓ IFN-g , ↑ NO and IL-10; splenocytes 6 days p.i.: similar IFN-g and IL-10, ↑ NO; cerebral accumulation of pRBCs and CD25+ ICAM-1+ T cells (mostly gd T cells)	Haque et al., 2001, Am J Pathol	Link
IL-2	Plasmodium yoelii 17XNL	BALB/c	rIL-2	no	70%	N.I.	N.I.	Decreased peak	Induction of IL-2, IFN-g, IL-6 and IL-10 mRNA expression in splenic cells; ↑ CD3 or ConA-induced lymphocyte proliferation	Lucas et al., 1996, C R Acad Sci III	Link
IL-2	Plasmodium yoelii 17XNL	129/Ola x C57BL/6 (WT = 129/Ola)	IL-2 -/-	no	no	N.I.	N.I.	Delayed clearance	N.I.	Van der heyde et al., 1997, Exp Parasitol	Link
IL-2/B cells	Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS	129 x C57BL/6	IL-2 -/- x m-MT	no	yes	N.I.	N.I.	Delayed peak	↑ % of Mac-1+ and CD4+ cells and ↓ % of CD8, gd and B cells in the spleen	Seixas et al., 2002, Parasite Immunol	Link

Rega Institute for Medical Research

Mouse treatment

Pages

a4 integrin chain
ab T cell
ABCA1
Apo-AI
Arachidonic acid
ASC
B cells
B cells/gd T cells
B cells/IFN-g
B/C2
b2 integrin (CD18)
Bcl-2
C1q
C3aR
C3aR/C5aR
C5
C5a
C5aR
C9
Caspase-1
Caspase-12
Caspase-12/caspase-1
Caspase-12/IFN-g
Caspase-12/IKK
caspases
Catecholamines
CCR2
CCR5
CD11a/CD18 (LFA-1)
CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1, CR3)
CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1, CR3)
CD11c/CD18 (CR4)
CD11d/CD18
CD134L
CD14
CD1d-restricted NKT cells
CD36
CD4
CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg cells
CD4+CD25+T cells
CD4/CD8
CD4/CD8/B cells
CD40
CD40L
CD41/CD61 (gpIIb/IIIa)
CD54 (ICAM-1)
CD62L (L-selectin, LECAM-1)
CD62P (P-selectin)
CD8
CD8+ T cell/CD1d-restricted NKT cells
CD8+ T cell/CD1d-restricted NKT cells/IP-10
CD80
CD80/CD86
CD86
Class A type I and II macrophage scavenger receptors
COX-1/2
COX-2
CRP
CTLA-4
CTLA-4/CD4
CTLA-4/CD8
CTLA-4/IFN-g
CTLA-4/TNF
CXCL10 (IP-10)
CXCL12 (SDF-1a)
CXCL4 (PF-4)
CXCL9 (MIG)
CXCR3
CXCR4
Cystamine (CysH)
Cysteamine (CysH)
Cytidine deaminase AID (Aicda)/Ig heavy chain µ-secretory domein
EPO
Fas
FasL
FcgR
FcgRI
FcgRIIB
FcgRIIB/TLR7
Fibrinogen
Free radicals
G-CSF
G-CSF/IFN-g
G-CSF/TNF-a
gd T cells
Glucocorticoid receptor (GR)
Glucocorticoid receptor (GR)/TNF-a
GM-CSF
Histamine R1
Histamine R2
Histamine R3
Histamine R3/R1
Histamine R3/R2
Histamine R4
Histidine decarboxylase (HDC)
Histidine decarboxylase (HDC)/CD4
Histidine decarboxylase (HDC)/CD8
HMG-CoA reductase
HMGB1
HO-1
HO-1/CD8
HVEM
Hydrogen sulfide gas (HS)
IDO-1
Ifit1
IFN-a
IFN-a/IFN-g
IFN-b
IFN-g
IFN-g
IFN-g
IFN-g/CTLA-4
IFN-gR
IFN-gRa
IFNabR
IFNaR1
IFNaR1
IL-10
IL-10/CD25
IL-10/IFN-g
IL-10/TGF-b
IL-10/TNF-a
IL-12
IL-12/CD4
IL-12/chloroquine
IL-12/CTLA-4
IL-12/IFN-g
IL-12/IFN-g/TNF-a
IL-12/NK cells
IL-12/NOS2
IL-12/TNF-a
IL-12p40
IL-15
IL-17
IL-18
IL-18/CTLA-4
IL-1a
IL-1a/IFN-g
IL-1b
IL-1R
IL-2
IL-2/B cells
IL-2/gd T cell
IL-23p19
IL-27R
IL-27R/CD4
IL-27R/CD8
IL-27R/IFN-g
IL-27R/IFN-g/TNF-a
IL-27R/IL-10
IL-27R/TNF-a
IL-3
IL-3/GM-CSF
IL-4
IL-4/NK cells
IL-4/NOS2
IL-4Ra
IL-4Ra/NK cells
IL-4Ra/NOS2
IL-6
Immune cells
IRF-1
IRF-1/IL-12
IRF8
Irgm1
Isg15
Jak3
Kynurenine-3-hydroxylase
LAG-3
LIGHT
LMP7
LT
LTa
LTab
LTb
LTbR
LTbR/testosterone
Lymphocytes
Mannose receptors
meso 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA)
MHC-II
MHC-II/CD4
MHC-II/IP-10
Microparticle (MP)
MMP-9
MMP/TACE
Monocyte/Macrophages
MyD88
NADPH oxidase
NADPH oxidase/B cells
NADPH oxidase/NOS2
NADPH oxidase/NOS2/XO
NADPH oxidase/XO
NADPH oxidase/XO/B cells
Neutrophils + eosinophils
NK cells
NK/NKT cells
NKT cell
Nlrc4
Nlrp3
Nod1Nod2
NOS2
NOS2/B cells
NOS2/XO
NOS2/XO/B cells
NOS3
P2X7R
PAFR
Pantethine
PARP-1
PD-L1
PD-L1/CD4
PD-L1/CD8
PD-L1/IFN-g
PD-L1/LAG-3
PD-L1/TNF
PD-L2
Perforin (PFP)
PGI2
Plasmacytoid DCs
Plasmin
Platelets
Scavenger receptors
sFLT1 (sVEGFR)
SOCS1
SOCS2
Stat1
T cells
T cells/CD8
Taurine
Testosterone
TGF-b
TGF-b/IL-10R
TGF-b1
TIRAP
Tissue PA (tPA)
TLR1
TLR2
TLR2/4
TLR2/4/9
TLR3
TLR4
TLR5
TLR6
TLR7
TLR9
TLR9/CD4
TLR9/IFN-g
TNF
TNF-a
TNF-a/ IFN-g
TNF-a/ LT-a
TNFR1
TNFR2
TRIF
uPA receptor (uPAR, CD87)
Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA)
Va14+ NKT cell

Plasmodium berghei (N.I.)
Plasmodium berghei ANKA
Plasmodium berghei K173
Plasmodium berghei NK65
Plasmodium berghei Pasteur
Plasmodium berghei tg for P. falciparum MSP19
Plasmodium berghei XAT
Plasmodium chabaudi
Plasmodium chabaudi (N.I.)
Plasmodium chabaudi adami 408XZ
Plasmodium chabaudi adami 556KA
Plasmodium chabaudi adami DK
Plasmodium chabaudi adami DS
Plasmodium chabaudi AS
Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi
Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi A/J
Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi AS
Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi CR
Plasmodium vinckei (N.I.)
Plasmodium vinckei petteri CR
Plasmodium vinckei vinckei
Plasmodium yoelii
Plasmodium yoelii 17NL
Plasmodium yoelii 17XL
Plasmodium yoelii 17XNL
Plasmodium yoelii 17XNL + Salmonella typhimurium
Plasmodium yoelii 265

rhG-CSF + anti-IFN-g
+ adoptive transfer of splenic CD8+ cells from C57BL/6 mice that had recieved irradiated pRBCs
+ adoptive transfer of splenic CD8+ cells from IFNaR1-/- mice that had recieved irradiated pRBCs
+ adoptive transfer of splenocytes depleted of CD8+ cells from C57BL/6 mice that had recieved irradiated pRBCs
+ adoptive transfer of total splenocytes from C57BL/6 mice that had recieved irradiated pRBCs
+ anti-HMGB1
+ anti-platelet (anti-GPIb) (day -1) + serum amyloid P (rSAP)
+ anti-platelet (anti-GPIb) or platelet inhibitor (Clopidogrel) (day -1)
+ anti-platelet (anti-GPIb) or platelet inhibitor (Clopidogrel) (day 1)
+ cystamine hydrochloride (prophylactic treatment)
+ cysteamine hydrochloride
+ cysteamine hydrochloride (prophylactic treatment)
+ cysteamine hydrochloride (therapeutic treatment)
+ cysteamine hydrochloride + a suboptimal dose of artesunate
+ cysteamine hydrochloride + a suboptimal dose of artesunate or dihydroartemisinin
+ DMSA (structural analogue of CysH, prophylactic treatment)
+ NaHS (fast-releasing donor of HS) or GYY4137 (slow-releasing donor of HS)
+ pantethine (structural analogue of CysH, prophylactic treatment)
12.5% DNA from A/J mice (including the C5 mutant gene) (= BcA76)
12.5% DNA from C57BL/6 mice (including the C5 WT gene) (= AcB55)
A -/- (↓MHC-II → ↓ CD4) + anti-CD4
A -/- (↓MHC-II → ↓ CD4) + anti-NK1.1
A -/- or Ii -/- (↓MHC-II → ↓ CD4)
A -/- or Ii -/- (↓MHC-II → ↓ CD4) + anti-CD4
ab TCR -/-
ABCA1 -/-
aD -/-
Adoptive transfer of immune CD4+ splenocytes
Adoptive transfer of immune CD8+ splenocytes
Adoptive transfer of immune T cells
Adoptive transfer of immune T cells + anti-CD4
Adoptive transfer of immune T cells + anti-CD8
adoptive transfer of in vivo activated WT splenocytes or CD8+ T cells (day 0)
Adoptive transfer of unfractionated immune splenocytes
Adoptive transfer of unfractionated immune splenocytes + anti-CD4
Adoptive transfer of unfractionated immune splenocytes + anti-CD8
adoptively transfered CD8 + T cells from PFP -/- mice
adoptively transfered CD8 + T cells from WT mice
Aicda -/- (mature B cells which produce IgM, but they cannot undergo isotype switching or secrete Abs)
anti-a4 integrin
anti-asialo GM1
anti-C5a
anti-C5aR
anti-C9
anti-CD11a
anti-CD11b
anti-CD134L (anti-OX89)
anti-CD14
anti-CD25 (day - 1 and day 1)
anti-CD25 (day -1 and +1)
anti-CD25 (day -1)
anti-CD25 (day -14)
anti-CD25 (day -2 and -6h)
anti-CD25 (day -3, -1 and 5)
anti-CD25 (day -30)
anti-CD25 (day 4)
anti-CD4
anti-CD4 (early treatment)
anti-CD4 (late treatment)
anti-CD4 + adoptive transfer of immune CD8+ and B+ splenocytes
anti-CD4 + adoptive transfer of immune CD8+ splenocytes
anti-CD4 and anti-CD8
anti-CD40L
anti-CD41 (early treatment)
anti-CD61 (early treatment)
anti-CD8
anti-CD8 (early treatment)
anti-CD8 (late treatment)
anti-CD80
anti-CD80 and anti-CD86
anti-CD86
anti-CTLA-4
anti-CTLA-4 (day 0)
anti-CTLA-4 + anti-CD4
anti-CTLA-4 + anti-CD8
anti-CTLA-4 + anti-IFN-g
anti-CTLA-4 + anti-TNF
anti-CXCL10 (d3-9)
anti-CXCL10 (d5-9)
anti-gd TCR
anti-gd TCR (early treatment)
anti-gd TCR (late treatment)
anti-GM-CSF
anti-Gr-1 (day - 1)
anti-Gr-1 (late treatment)
anti-hEpo
anti-HVEM
anti-ICAM-1
anti-IFN-g
anti-IL-10
anti-IL-10R
anti-IL-12
anti-IL-12p40
anti-IL-18
anti-IL-3
anti-IL-3 and anti-GM-CSF
anti-IL-4
anti-IL-6
anti-L-selectin
anti-LAG-3
anti-LTbR
anti-m-chain from birth
anti-m-chain from birth (no B cells)
anti-NK1.1
anti-P-selectin
anti-PD-L1
anti-PD-L1 + anti-CD4
anti-PD-L1 + anti-CD8
anti-PD-L1 + anti-IFN-g
anti-PD-L1 + anti-LAG-3
anti-PD-L1 + anti-TNF
anti-PD-L2
anti-pDC (120G8)
anti-platelet
anti-platelet (anti-GPIb) or platelet inhibitors (acetylsalisyllic acid (ASA) or Clopidogrel (day 1)
anti-TGF-b
anti-TGF-b + anti-IL-10R
anti-Thy-1
anti-TNF-a
anti-TNF-a (Mab)
anti-TNF-a (PAb)
anti-TNF-a + anti-IFN-g
antioxidans
Apo-AI -/-
aprotinin (serine protease inhibitor)
ASC -/-
AT x BM (no thymus: no mature T cells)
b TCR -/-
b TCR -/- + adoptive transfer of a mixture of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from WT or Nlrp3-/- mice
b2 microglobuline -/-
b2 microglobuline -/- + anti-IP-10
BALB/c-nu/nu
Beige mutation (bg/ bg) (defect in NK cell cytotoxicity)
Bg/bg + anti-IFN-g + anti-TNF-a
biliverdin
Broad-spectrum MMP/TACE inhibitor
C1qa -/-
C3aR -/-
C3aR -/- + C5aR -/-
C5 -/-
C5aR -/-
Casp1 -/-
Casp12 -/-
Casp12 -/- + anti-IFN-g
Casp12 -/- + IKK inhibitor
Casp12 -/- + selective caspase-1 inhibitor (YVAD)
caspase inhibitor (ZVAD-fmk)
Caspase-1 -/-
CCR2 -/-
CCR5 -/-
CD14 -/-
CD18 -/-
CD1d -/-
CD36 -/-
CD36 -/- chimeras
CD4 -/-
CD4+ splenic T cells from normal mice
CD4+ T cells from mice with CM (LN derived)
CD40 -/-
CD40L -/-
CD8 -/-
Chemical activation of macrophages (early treatment) (liposomal MDP-GDP)
Chemical activation of macrophages (late treatment) (liposomal MDP-GDP)
Chemical depletion of macrophages (silica)
Chemical depletion of macrophages from spleen and liver (early treatment) (lip-Cl2MDP)
Chemical depletion of macrophages from spleen and liver (late treatment) (lip-Cl2MDP)
CO gas
CO gas + heme
COX1/COX2 inhibitor (aspirin)
CR3 -/-
CR4 -/-
CRP-tg
CXCL10 -/-
CXCL9 -/-
CXCR3 -/-
CXCR4 antagonist
d -/- TCR
d-chain-/- (gd TCR-/-)
dexamethasone
dexamethasone (late treatment)
dexamethasone + rHu-TNF-a (↑ dose)
Fas -/- (lpr)
FasL -/- (gld)
FcgRIIB-/- (SLE-susceptible)
FcgRIIB-/-.yaa (SLE-susceptible), contains a duplication of TLR7
FcRg -/-
fibrinogen inhibitor
fish oil (structural analog of arachidonic acid)
free radical scavenger (BHA)
GM-CSF -/-
gp91phox -/- (no ROS)
H1R -/-
H1R inhibitor (levocetirizine)
H2-Bf/C2 -/-
H2R -/-
H2R inhibitor (cimetidine)
H3R -/-
H3R agonist
H3R inhibitor (imetit)
H4R inhibitor (JNJ7777120)
HDC -/-
heme
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (statins)
Hmox-1 -/-
HO-1 -/- (Hmox1 -/-)
HO-1 -/- (Hmox1 -/-) + anti-CD8
HO-1 expressing adenovirus in liver
HO-1 inducer
HO-1 inhibitor
Hu-FcRI-tg + anti-PfMSP-1
IA-b -/- (↓MHC-II → ↓ CD4)
IA-b -/- (↓MHC-II → ↓ CD4) + anti-IP-10
ICAM-1-/-
IDO-1 -/-
Ifit1 -/-
IFN-g -/-
IFN-g -/- + anti-CTLA-4
IFN-gR -/-
IFN-gRa -/-
IFNabR -/-
IFNaR1 -/-
IL-10 -/-
IL-10 -/- + anti-CD25
IL-10 -/- + anti-IFN-g
IL-10-/- x IFN-gR-/-
IL-12 -/-
IL-12p40 -/-
IL-12p40 -/- + anti-CTLA-4
IL-12p40 -/- + rIL-12
IL-15 -/-
IL-17-/- (17KO)
IL-18 -/-
IL-18 -/- + anti-CTLA-4
IL-1R -/-
IL-2 -/-
IL-2 -/- x m-MT
IL-23p19-/- (P19KO)
IL-27R-/- (WSX-1 -/-)
IL-27R-/- (WSX-1 -/-) + anti-CD4
IL-27R-/- (WSX-1 -/-) + anti-CD8
IL-27R-/- (WSX-1 -/-) + anti-IFN-g
IL-27R-/- (WSX-1 -/-) + anti-IFN-g + anti-TNF-a
IL-27R-/- (WSX-1 -/-) + anti-TNF-a
IL-27R-/- (WSX-1 -/-) + rIL-10
IL-3 -/-
IL-4 -/-
IL-4 -/- + anti-asialo GM1
IL-4 -/- + NOS2 inhibitor
IL-4Ra -/-
IL-4Ra -/- + anti-asialo GM1
IL-4Ra -/- + NOS2 inhibitor
in vitro activated WT and CXCR3 -/- effector CD8+ T cells (day 5)
IRF-1 -/-
IRF-1 -/- + rIL-12
IRF8 +/- [BXH2 x B6]F1
IRF8 -/- (BXH2)
Irgm1 -/-
Isg15 -/-
Ja281 -/-
Jak3 -/-
JH-gene segment -/- (JHD -/-)
JHD-/- (no B cells) + anti-IFN-g
kynurenine-3-hydroxilase inhibitor (i.p. vs p.o.)
kynurenine-3-hydroxylase inhibitor
LFA1 -/-
LIGHT -/-
LMP7 -/-
LT -/-
LT-a -/-
LTa -/-
LTab -/-
LTb -/-
LTbR -/-
m-BCR -/- (m-MT)
m-BCR -/- (m-MT) + anti-gd TCR
m-MT x d -/- TCR
mannan
MHC-II -/-(↓ CD4)
MMP-9 -/-
MP formation inhibitor (pantethine)
MyD88 -/-
NKC complex BALB/c (B6.BALB/c-Cmv1s)
NKC complex C57BL/6 (BALB.B6-Cmv1r)
Nlrc4 -/-
Nlrp3 -/-
NO donor or + NO gas
no T/B cells
Nod1Nod2 -/-
non-selective COX-1/2 inhibitor (indomethacin)
NOS inhibitor
NOS2 -/-
NOS2 inhibitor
NOS3 -/-
Nude mice (nu/nu): no thymus thus no mature T cells
over-expression of bcl-2 in myeloid cells (hMRP8-Bcl-2 mice)
P-selectin -/-
P2X7R -/-
p47phox-/- (no ROI produced by the NADPH oxidase pathway)
p47phox-/- x NOS2-/-
PAFR -/-
PAFR selective antagonist (UK74,505)
PARP -/-
PF-4 -/-
PFP -/-
phenoxybenzamine (alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonist)
RAG1-/-
RAG2 -/- (no mature T/B cells)
rhG-CSF
rhG-CSF + anti-TNF-a
rHu-IFN-a
rHu-IFN-a + anti- IFN-g
rHu-TNF-a
rHu-TNF-a (↑ dose)
rHu-TNF-a (↓ dose)
rHu-TNF-a or rMu-TNF-a
rHuEpo
rHuTNF-a
rIFN-b
rIFN-g
rIL-10
rIL-12
rIL-12 + anti-asialo GM1
rIL-12 + anti-CD4
rIL-12 + anti-IFN-g
rIL-12 + anti-IFN-g + anti-TNF-a
rIL-12 + anti-TNF-a
rIL-12 + chloroquine
rIL-12 + NOS2 inhibitor
rIL-18
rIL-1a
rIL-1a + anti-IFN-g
rIL-1b
rIL-2
rIL-2 + anti -gd-T cell
rIL-6
rmEpo
rPF-4
rTGF-b
rTGF-b1 (oral)
Scavenger receptor blockage by Poly(I)
SCID (No T/B cells)
SDF-1a
selective COX-2 inhibitor (celecoxib)
sFLT1-expressing adenovirusses
SOCS1 +/-
SOCS1 -/-
SOCS2 -/-
soluble ICAM-1
SR-AI/II -/-
Stat1 -/-
synthetic PGI2 analog
Taut -/-
testosterone
Tg + soluble TNFR1
TH1 cells from infected mice
TH1 cells from infected mice + NOS inhibitor
TH2 cells from infected mice
TH2 cells from infected mice + NOS inhibitor
Thymectomy + anti-CD4
Thymectomy + anti-CD4 (early treatment)
Thymectomy + anti-CD8
TIRAP -/-
TLR1 -/-
TLR2 -/-
TLR2/4 -/-
TLR2/4/9 -/-
TLR3 -/-
TLR4 -/-
TLR5 -/-
TLR6 -/-
TLR7 -/-
TLR7.tg (SLE-susceptible)
TLR9 -/-
TNF -/-
TNF-a -/-
TNF-a -/- x LT-a -/-
TNFR1 -/-
TNFR2 -/-
TNFR2 -/-bone marrow cells
tPA -/-
TRIF -/-
uPA -/-
uPAR -/-
WT bone marrow cells
xanthine oxidase inhibitor
µ-chain -/- (µ-MT )